1 Kreuzer - Andreas Hofer

Andreas Hofer issued this coin during the Tyrolean uprising against Napoleonic and Bavarian occupation in 1809 — a rebellion that briefly succeeded in driving out occupying forces before Napoleon's defeat of Austria at Wagram forced the insurgents to fight on alone. Hofer, an innkeeper from the Passeier Valley, governed Tyrol for a matter of months under the fiction of Austrian imperial authority before the uprising collapsed. He was captured in February 1810 and shot by French firing squad in Mantua on Napoleon's personal order.

The coin's copper fabric reflects emergency wartime production rather than any established mint infrastructure.