1 Kreuzer

Konstanz occupied an awkward position during much of this coin's production run — stripped of its status as a Free Imperial City in 1548 after backing the losing side in the Schmalkaldic War, it spent the following century and a half under tightened Habsburg pressure. The right to strike small billon coinage was one of the few municipal privileges that survived that political subordination, and the city exercised it well into the late seventeenth century largely out of practical necessity for local market transactions.

The nearly five-decade span of this issue, 1657 to 1705, almost certainly involved multiple dies and possibly variant mintmasters, though Nau's documentation does not isolate individual annual emissions with precision.