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1 Kreutzer - Philip William
| Issuer | Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg (German States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1688 |
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| Value | 1 Kreuzer (1⁄60) |
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| Obverse description | Central field displays a crowned heraldic lion rampant, the dynastic emblem of the Palatinate, rendered in the late Baroque style characteristic of late 17th-century German minor coinage. The crown surmounting the lion is clearly delineated despite the small module of the flan. A circular Latin legend surrounds the central device, incorporating the ruler's initials and titles separated by pellets. The date 1688 is incorporated within the obverse legend, and the whole is framed by a beaded inner border. The strike, typical of hammered billon issues of this period, shows some weakness at the periphery. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ✿P·W·C·P·R·S·R·I·A·&.E·1688 (Translation: Philipp Wilhelm, Count of the Palatinate of the Rhine, Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire and Elector) |
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| Additional information |
Philip William had held the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg since 1653, but by 1688 he was simultaneously Elector Palatine — a position he had inherited in 1685, triggering the War of the Grand Alliance when Louis XIV pressed the claims of his sister-in-law Liselotte against the Palatinate succession. Small billon issues like this kreutzer were circulating against the backdrop of French troops devastating the Rhenish Palatinate the following year, a campaign that left Heidelberg and much of the region in ruins.