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1 Kopeck Foreign Exchange Certificate
| Uitgever | Bank for Foreign Trade of the USSR (Vneshtorgbank) |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1973-1975 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Sixth Rouble (1961-1991) |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Afmetingen | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Drukker | Log in om details te zien |
| Ontwerper(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Plain light-cream ground with a fine guilloche underprint border. The denomination numeral "1" appears in a scalloped vignette at right, with Cyrillic text body centred on the note and the issuing bank name in bold capitals across the lower centre. Two manuscript signatures appear below the bank name. |
|---|---|
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Blank reverse showing bleed-through of the obverse text and vignette elements on an unprinted cream paper stock, with no distinct design elements. |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Handtekening(en) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beveiligingstype | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving beveiliging | Log in om details te zien |
| Varianten | Log in om details te zien |
| Opmerkingen |
Vneshtorgbank's Foreign Exchange Certificates — the so-called "yellow series" — were introduced to manage hard currency access within the Soviet closed economy. Foreigners, diplomats, and Soviet citizens with legitimate foreign earnings received these in exchange for convertible currency; they could then spend them at Beryozka shops, which stocked imported goods unavailable through ordinary Soviet retail channels. The system effectively created a two-tier economy operating in parallel with the ruble.
The 1-kopeck denomination is the lowest of the series — functionally change, but change that implied access to a world most Soviet citizens could not legally enter. Notes from this yellow series are distinguished from the later blue series issued for socialist-country currencies and the red series for Eastern Bloc earnings.