1 Keping Siak

The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, situated on the eastern coast of Sumatra, operated within a trading economy heavily contested by Dutch commercial interests throughout the nineteenth century. This keping was issued under Sultan Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin, who navigated an increasingly constrictive relationship with the VOC's successor administration. Copper kepings of this type circulated alongside Dutch colonial issues and Chinese cash coins in the river-basin markets of the Siak region, a monetary environment that made locally-issued coinage as much a political declaration as a practical instrument.

The Scholtens reference remains the primary authority for Sumatran sultanate coinage, and the 1001a designation places this among the earliest documented Siak issues.