1 Kasu - Muttu Krishnappa Madurai Nayaks

Muttu Krishnappa Nayak ruled Madurai for roughly eight years before dying without a clear succession, triggering a prolonged dynastic struggle that destabilized the kingdom well into the mid-17th century. These copper kasu were struck under a regime that remained formally subordinate to the Vijayanagara empire even as that empire was fragmenting after the catastrophic defeat at Talikota in 1565 — the Nayaks governed as governors-turned-sovereigns in a political limbo that their coinage quietly reflects.