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1 Kasu - Devaraya I

Issuer Vijayanagara, Empire of
Year 1406-1422
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Thickness 3.48 mm
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Obverse description A humped bull (Nandi) depicted in profile facing left at approximately 45 degrees, rendered in low relief in the characteristic crude hammered style of Vijayanagara copper coinage. The animal's body is shown with a pronounced hump, and the flan edge is irregular with a beaded border partially visible around the periphery. The design occupies the majority of the flan, consistent with the compact format of the kasu denomination.
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Edge Plain
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Devaraya I came to power following the death of his father Harihara II in 1404, inheriting an empire under persistent pressure from the Bahmani Sultanate to the north. His reign saw costly military campaigns — including a humiliating early defeat that reportedly forced him to pay tribute and give a daughter in marriage to Sultan Firuz Shah Bahmani. The copper kasu issued under his authority circulated through one of the subcontinent's most active trading economies, where temple markets and coastal merchants transacted in small denomination copper far more than in gold.

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