1 Kasu

The Madurai Sultanate had collapsed by 1378, absorbed into the expanding Vijayanagara Empire, and the kasu denominations struck under subsequent Vijayanagara-allied rulers represent one of the more administratively fragmented coinages of medieval south India — local lords operating under imperial suzerainty but issuing in their own name. The window of 1469–1476 falls within a period of persistent succession disputes among Madurai's governors, which may account for the relative difficulty in attributing specific types to individual rulers with confidence.