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1 Karshapana - Satakarni

发行方 Satavahana Empire
年份 80 BC - 50 AD
类型 Standard circulation coin
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正面描述 Crudely rendered central device depicting what appears to be an elephant or large animal figure in the field, characteristic of early Satavahana potin coinage. The design is executed in low relief with a deeply patinated, granular surface typical of cast potin fabric. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, consistent with hand-cast production techniques of the period. Details are heavily worn and partially obscured by corrosion and encrustation, making precise identification of subsidiary symbols difficult. No legible legend or inscription is discernible on this face.
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背面描述 The reverse displays a flat, largely featureless field with faint traces of a design rendered in very low relief, heavily obscured by corrosion and surface encrustation typical of potin alloy coins of this period. Traces of what may be a Brahmi legend or symbolic device are suggested along the upper periphery, though the extent of wear and mineralisation renders confident identification impossible. The irregular flan edge, characteristic of cast coinage, is clearly visible. The overall surface presents a dark grey-green patina consistent with long burial or prolonged circulation.
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附加信息

The Satavahanas issued potin karshapanas across a dynasty spanning nearly five centuries, making precise attribution to a specific ruler deeply contested among scholars. "Satakarni" itself was a dynastic title used by multiple kings, not a personal name, which has made die-study the primary method of sequencing these issues. The potin alloy — a lead-tin-copper mix — was a deliberate economic choice, stretching metal supplies across a vast Deccan territory where silver was not locally abundant.