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| 正面描述 | Obverse displays a dense arrangement of punch-marked symbols applied to a flat, irregularly rectangular silver flan. Prominent among the devices are a solar symbol with radiating rays occupying the lower left field, a stylized elephant or animal figure standing to the right in the central field, and a smaller quadruped below. Additional symbols including a floral or taurine motif appear in the upper register, with a further decorative punched device visible in the upper right field. The imagery is characteristic of Mauryan imperial punch-marked coinage, with each symbol applied individually by a separate punch die. |
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| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | ND (321 BC - 297 BC) |
| 附加信息 |
The karshapana predates the Mauryan dynasty itself — punch-marked silver had circulated across the Indian subcontinent for at least a century before Chandragupta Maurya consolidated power around 321 BC. What the Mauryans introduced was administrative standardization, with the Arthashastra of Kautilya explicitly codifying weight standards and mint oversight in what amounts to one of the earliest documented state monetary policies anywhere in the ancient world.
The Arthashastra specifies a dedicated officer, the Lakshanaadhyaksha, responsible for coin inspection and counterfeit suppression.