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| 背面描述 | The reverse bears a two-line inscription in Kannada script occupying the central field, reading 'ಶ್ರೀ ದೇವ / ರಾಯ' (Sri Deva Raya), identifying the issuing ruler Deva Raya II. The characters are rendered in the bold, somewhat irregular style typical of hammered copper coinage of the Vijayanagara period. The legend fills the flan without an encircling border, and the surfaces show the characteristic unevenness of hand-struck issues. The field around the inscription is plain, and the overall strike quality reflects standard circulation production of the era. |
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| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | Plain |
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| 附加信息 |
Deva Raya II is widely regarded as the most capable ruler of the Sangama dynasty, and his twenty-year reign saw Vijayanagara reach its greatest territorial extent before the empire's later Tuluva resurgence under Krishnadevaraya. He recruited Muslim cavalry archers and Turkic mercenaries into the imperial army — a pragmatic military reform that contemporaries noted with some surprise — and repelled repeated Bahmani Sultanate incursions into the Deccan. Copper jitals of this period circulated heavily in local markets and temple economies across the Karnataka plateau.