1 Heller - William III

William III ruled Jülich-Berg during a period of sustained dynastic anxiety — the duchy had no male heir secured for much of his reign, a problem eventually resolved through the 1511 Treaty of Cologne, signed the same year he died. These tiny silver heller were the smallest practical denomination in circulation, struck in such quantities and passed through so many hands that surviving examples in any condition above heavily worn are genuinely difficult to locate. The Noss classification for this type acknowledges significant die variation across the thirty-six year span of issue.