1 Heller - Franz II

Franz II took the Habsburg throne in 1792 as the last Holy Roman Emperor, a title he would be forced to abdicate in 1806 under pressure from Napoleon. These small copper heller were struck across that turbulent decade at multiple Austrian mints, funding an empire simultaneously fighting the French Revolutionary Wars and managing the administrative collapse of a centuries-old imperial structure. The type was discontinued well before that abdication, its replacement driven by monetary reforms rather than any single political event.