1 Grosz - Frederick Augustus I I.B.

Historical Context: The 1 Grosz, issued 1811-1814, represents the brief but significant Duchy of Warsaw under Frederick Augustus I. As King of Saxony and Duke of Warsaw, he was a key figure in Napoleon Bonaparte's system, ruling this French client state. This era marked a resurgence of Polish national identity, albeit under foreign suzerainty, following the partitions. The coin underscores the Duchy's efforts to establish a distinct monetary system during a tumultuous period.

Artistry: The design reflects the utilitarian aesthetic common for low-denomination copper coinage of the early 19th century. While specific engraver details are often unrecorded, the style aligns with practical, simplified classicism. The obverse typically features the ducal monogram of Frederick Augustus I, often crowned, symbolizing authority. The reverse commonly displays the denomination, date, and possibly a mintmark, often within a wreath. Its modest execution served its function of clear identification.

Technical/Grading: Struck in copper (2.6 grams, 21 millimeters), the 1 Grosz typically exhibits characteristics of early 19th-century base metal minting. High points susceptible to wear include the raised elements of the crown, monogram lines, and outer edges of decorative wreaths. Common technical strike qualities include variable sharpness, often with central areas showing weaker strikes due to insufficient pressure. Planchet quality can also vary, displaying minor laminations or surface irregularities, typical for copper issues of this period.