1 Großpfennig - Henry VII

Henry VII's reign as Holy Roman Emperor was brief and consumed almost entirely by his Italian campaign — he crossed the Alps in 1310 and died of fever near Siena in August 1313 before he could consolidate imperial authority. His German coinage consequently saw limited production windows, with issues concentrated in the early years before the Italian expedition absorbed his attention and resources. The Großpfennig denomination itself reflects the monetary fragmentation of the period, with regional mint authority effectively decentralized across the Empire.

Menadier's cataloguing of this type remains the foundational reference, though attribution of individual specimens continues to generate disagreement among specialists.