1 Grosso - Paul V St. Paul

Paul V — born Camillo Borghese — spent much of his pontificate in open legal conflict with Venice, placing the entire republic under interdict in 1606 in a dispute over clerical jurisdiction that drew in both Spain and France before collapsing without a clear victor. His papacy coincided with Galileo's first brush with the Inquisition and the early salvos of what would become the Thirty Years' War. The grosso series under Paul V is relatively well-documented through the Berman and Muntoni references, with minor die variations catalogued across the Munt#106–110 sequence.