1 Grosso - Paul III

Historical Context: This 1 Grosso coin, issued from Macerata during the pontificate of Paul III (1535-1546), reflects a pivotal era in the Papal States. Alessandro Farnese, as Paul III, initiated the Counter-Reformation and convened the Council of Trent, profoundly shaping Catholic Europe. The Macerata mint’s operation under papal authority underscores the Church’s temporal administration and its assertion of sovereignty in the Marches, facilitating regional commerce amidst significant religious and political upheaval.

Artistry: While specific engravers for provincial issues like this Macerata grosso are rarely documented, the coin’s design adheres to the High Renaissance aesthetic, subtly transitioning towards early Mannerism. The obverse typically features the papal arms, prominently displaying the Farnese lilies surmounted by the tiara and crossed keys, signifying papal authority. The reverse often presents a religious motif or a local patron saint, executed with a blend of classical influence and provincial interpretation.

Technical/Grading: Struck in .9201 fine silver, weighing 1.73 grams and measuring 23 millimeters, this grosso reflects a strong silver standard. Key high-points for assessing wear and strike include the tiara and key details on the obverse, and any raised elements of the reverse motif. Given its provincial origin and relatively thin flan, strike quality often varies, with central weakness or minor planchet imperfections being common. Well-struck examples display sharp relief on the arms and clear legends, though full strike is rare.