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| Issuer | Papal States (Apostolic Chamber) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1492-1503 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Groschen (1 Grosso) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (1492-1503) |
| Additional information |
Rodrigo Borgia's pontificate produced some of the most politically turbulent coinage of the Renaissance papacy. The Apostolic Chamber struck these grossi while Alexander was simultaneously negotiating the Treaty of Tordesillas, dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal — a division he had unique authority to broker as a sitting pope with dynastic ties to the Spanish crown.
The CNI XIII references spanning numbers 6 through 16 reflect genuine die variation across the issue, not mere cataloguing redundancy.