1 Grosso

The del Carretto marquessate, controlling territory in the Ligurian hinterland between Genoa and the Po plain, issued coinage as a direct assertion of jurisdictional independence from both imperial and episcopal authority. Exactly which member of the dynasty authorized this grosso remains unresolved — the twelfth-century Carretto lords left thin documentary records, and attribution across the family line continues to divide specialists. MIR 409 acknowledges the ambiguity with the II#1/2 designation.