1 Groschen - Stephen III Type IIc

Stephen III of Moldavia — Stephen the Great, as he is known — ruled for 47 years and spent most of them at war, fighting the Ottoman Empire, Hungary, and Poland in a near-continuous defensive campaign that made Moldavia one of the few principalities to consistently repel Ottoman advances in the second half of the 15th century. Pope Sixtus IV reportedly called him "Athleta Christi" following his victory at Vaslui in 1475, where his forces destroyed an Ottoman army estimated at several times Moldavia's own strength.

The Type IIc classification within the MBR sequence reflects die progression across a reign too long and too turbulent for consistent minting conditions. At 0.76g, these were already fractional pieces by contemporary Balkan standards — small change circulating in a principality perpetually mobilized for the next campaign.