1 Groschen - Philip Ernest, Wolfgang III and John George II

Historical Context: This 1 Groschen coin, issued in 1629 by the County of Mansfeld-Artern, represents a turbulent era in Central European history. The year 1629 falls squarely within the devastating Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), a conflict that ravaged the Holy Roman Empire and profoundly impacted its constituent states, including the various branches of the Mansfeld family. The coin's issuance under the co-regency of Philip Ernest, Wolfgang III, and John George II highlights the complex dynastic arrangements common among German principalities. Despite the widespread conflict and economic strain, the continued minting of coinage like this silver Groschen underscores the counts' assertion of their sovereign rights and the necessity of maintaining a functioning economy, however precarious, for daily transactions.

Artistry: The design of this 1 Groschen coin, typical for its period and denomination, adheres to the late Renaissance/early Baroque stylistic conventions prevalent in regional German mints. While a specific engraver is not documented, the dies were likely cut by a local mint master or a skilled artisan under their supervision. Given the small flan size (1.77g), the artistry focuses on clear, concise heraldry and titulature rather than elaborate portraiture. The obverse typically features the names and titles of the co-ruling counts, often arranged around a central element such as a cross or a simplified Mansfeld shield. The reverse would commonly display the full Mansfeld coat of arms, sometimes quartered with other dynastic claims, alongside the date, reflecting the family's lineage and authority.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, this 1 Groschen (1.77g) exhibits characteristics common to hammer-struck coinage of the early 17th century. Key high-points for condition assessment include the intricate details of the Mansfeld arms, particularly the helmets, mantling, and small charges within the escutcheons, as well as the legibility of the rulers' names and the date. Due to the manual striking process, planchet irregularities, minor off-center strikes, and variable strike strength are frequently encountered. A strong strike will reveal crisp details in the heraldry and clear lettering. Weakness is often observed in the peripheral legends or the highest points of relief on the coats of arms. Original toning, ranging from iridescent blues to deep grays, is desirable and can enhance eye appeal.