1 Groschen - Louis I

Louis I ruled Hessen from 1413 until his death in 1458, a reign long enough to produce considerable die variation across the groschen series. Hessen's coinage during this period was shaped largely by the Rhenish monetary conventions, as the landgraviate navigated competing commercial pressures from Frankfurt markets to the west and Thuringian trade routes to the east.

The 45-year span of this issue means attribution to a specific sub-period within Louis's reign requires die study rather than date alone.