1 Groschen - Frederick Ulrich

发行方	Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Principality of
年份	1619
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面值	1 Groschen (1⁄24)
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正面描述	Imperial orb surmounted by a cross, bearing the denomination numeral 24 in the lower globe, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The date 1619 is divided at the top of the orb, with the legend MATH.I.R.S.A. distributed around the periphery, referencing Emperor Matthias I as Holy Roman Emperor. The design is typical of the Kipper und Wipper-era small silver coinage, struck on a broad, irregularly-shaped flan.
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背面铭文	M.GL.VKR.K.V.G.M
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附加信息	Frederick Ulrich's reign over Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was one of the more chaotic in the duchy's history — a Protestant ruler whose territory became a recurring battleground during the early phases of the Thirty Years' War, which broke out the very year this groschen was struck. The duchy's silver coinage of this period was produced under persistent pressure from the Kipper und Wipper crisis, the debasement wave then spreading across the German states, though this 1619 issue predates the worst of that depreciation spiral by roughly two years.

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