1 Groschen - Frederick II Havelberg

Frederick II ruled Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, spending much of his reign in bitter conflict with the Berlin-Cölln twin cities, whose trading privileges he systematically dismantled. The 1442 capitulation he forced upon them — stripping their autonomous council and subordinating municipal governance directly to Hohenzollern authority — marked the decisive end of Berlin's brief experiment with Hanseatic-style civic independence.

The groschen coinage of this period reflects Brandenburg's ongoing effort to rationalize a fragmented regional currency inherited from decades of Hohenzollern partition agreements.