1 Groschen - Frederick II

Frederick II "Iron Tooth" ruled Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, spending much of that reign in open conflict with the Berlin-Cölln twin cities, whose municipal autonomy he systematically dismantled. His forced subjugation of the towns in 1448 — an event the Berliners later called the "Berlin Indignation" — gave him direct control over local fiscal and monetary affairs, providing the authority to issue coinage on his own terms rather than through civic mints.

Bahrf. 28a is among the documented die variants for this type.