1 Groschen - Frederick Casimir Bielsko

Frederick Casimir of Teschen held Bielsko as a small, semi-autonomous Silesian duchy squeezed between the competing pressures of Habsburg administration and Polish noble influence. His minting activity was brief — confined almost entirely to 1569 and 1570 — making the output from his Bielsko mint one of the thinnest in Silesian numismatic history. The MB#12 attribution places this squarely in the standard groschen coinage of his rule, though documented die variations within the type are not uncommon given the small-scale workshop conditions typical of minor Silesian mints in this period.