1 Groschen - Bruno II, William I, John George IV, Volrat VI and Jobst II

The Mansfeld counties present one of the most administratively tangled coinages in the Holy Roman Empire — multiple ruling lines sharing sovereignty over the same territory simultaneously, each with a legal claim to appear on the coinage. By 1610, the Bornstedt line was already in financial distress, a condition endemic to the Mansfeld counts whose copper mining operations had been in managed decline for decades. Joint-reign issues like this one required formal agreement among all co-rulers before a die could be cut, making the production window — here just two years — characteristically narrow.