1 Groschen - Albert III of Herzberg

Historical Context: This 1 Groschen coin was issued by Albert III, Prince of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, during his reign from 1464 to 1485. This period was characterized by political fragmentation within the Holy Roman Empire, with numerous smaller principalities like Brunswick-Grubenhagen striving to assert their autonomy and maintain economic stability amidst local rivalries. The minting of this silver Groschen from Herzberg served as a crucial declaration of Albert's sovereign right to coinage and provided a vital medium for local commerce, facilitating transactions larger than those possible with smaller pfennigs in an evolving late medieval monetary landscape.

Artistry: The artistry of this 1 Groschen reflects the late Gothic numismatic style prevalent in smaller German states of the 15th century. While the specific die-cutter operating at the Herzberg mint remains anonymous, the stylistic school prioritizes heraldic symbolism over realistic portraiture. The design typically features the ducal arms, most often the Brunswick lion rampant, prominently displayed within a shield on the obverse, encircled by a circumscription. The reverse commonly depicts a cross or another territorial emblem, executed with a robust, somewhat stylized hand characteristic of local mints of the era.

Technical/Grading: As a hammered silver coin weighing 2.11 grams, this Groschen often exhibits technical characteristics typical of 15th-century production. Common strike qualities include variable planchet preparation, slight off-centering, and areas of flatness, particularly noticeable on the outer legends or the finer details of the heraldic devices. Key high-points for grading would include the raised elements of the ducal crown, the details of the lion's mane and claws, and the crispness of the shield's outline, which are frequently the first areas to show wear or strike weakness.