1 Goldgulden - Rupert of the Palatinate

Rupert of the Palatinate held the archbishopric from 1463 until his death in 1480, but his tenure was defined less by ecclesiastical administration than by continuous armed conflict with the city of Cologne itself. The city had long resisted archiepiscopal authority, and the tension periodically erupted into open hostility. This goldgulden was struck during the precise window when that conflict was at its most legally fraught, following Rupert's excommunication and the city's defiant refusal to recognize his temporal powers.

The Noss and Felke references place this piece firmly within a documented die series, giving collectors a traceable anchor in an otherwise complicated reign coinage.