1 Goldgulden - Philip

Philip the Upright, Elector Palatine from 1476 to 1508, struck these gulden during a period when the Rhenish electoral mints were bound by successive currency conventions — the Rheinischer Münzverein agreements periodically set the gold standard for the entire region, forcing member electors into negotiated weight and fineness norms. His issues from this decade reflect compliance with the 1490s convention standards rather than any independent monetary initiative.

Frühwald 1982 places this type within a well-documented Heidelberg output, but die alignment and minor legend variants across the issue suggest production was not confined to a single working period.