1 Goldgulden - John IV of Manderscheid-Blanckenheim

John IV of Manderscheid-Blanckenheim held the see of Strasbourg from 1569 until his death in 1592, navigating one of the most fractious periods in the city's confessional history. Strasbourg had effectively turned Lutheran decades earlier, leaving its Catholic bishop increasingly marginalized within the city walls — episcopal authority was exercised more from the surrounding territories than from the cathedral itself. This goldgulden was struck in that uncomfortable political vacuum, its production reflecting the bishop's need to assert temporal coinage rights even as his spiritual jurisdiction over the city remained largely nominal.