1 Goldgulden - John III

John III inherited Cleves in 1521, but his father John II — "the Baby," so called due to a developmental condition that left him mentally incapacitated for much of his life — technically held the title during this coin's 1511 striking. Administration of the duchy fell to John III in practice well before his formal succession, and coinage issued in his name during this interregnum period reflects that ambiguous authority. The Friedberg reference places this squarely within the Rhine goldgulden tradition, minted to the weight standard that kept Rhenish trade currency interchangeable across the lower German states.