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1 Goldgulden - John II

Issuer Duchy of Cleves
Year 1503
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Weight 3.25 g
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Obverse description Standing figure of St. John the Baptist in frontal pose, holding the Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) on his left arm; a shield of arms is displayed in the lower field beneath the figure. The surrounding Gothic uncial legend reads the titles of Duke Johann II of Cleves, interrupted by the base of the figure. The design is rendered in the late medieval hammered style characteristic of Rhenish goldgulden of the period.
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Reverse script Latin (uncial)
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Additional information

John II of Cleves — called "the Baby" due to a developmental condition that left him mentally impaired throughout his adult life — ruled the duchy for over fifty years despite never governing in any meaningful capacity. Actual authority rested with his wife, Mechthild of Hesse, and later with his son John III. That a gold gulden was struck in his name as late as 1503 reflects the dynasty's need to project ducal legitimacy through coinage regardless of who actually held power.

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