1 Goldgulden - John I

John I of Isenburg-Büdingen held the right to strike gold gulden under imperial grant, one of the minting privileges extended to smaller Rhenish lords during the late 14th century as the Holy Roman Empire's monetary authority fragmented across dozens of competing mints. The Isenburg series is sparsely documented, and surviving examples are rare enough that die linkage studies remain incomplete. Grote's corpus remains the primary reference precisely because so little subsequent scholarship has tackled this county's coinage in depth.