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1 Gold Real - Philip II

Issuer Tournai, Lordship of
Year 1590-1600
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Reference(s) Delmonte G#434b
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse lettering DOMINVS · MIHI · ADIVTOR
(Translation: The Lord is my helper.)
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Additional information

Tournai's status as a minting authority during this period was anything but stable. The city changed hands repeatedly during the Eighty Years' War, and coinage struck under Philip II's authority there reflects a brief window when Spanish Habsburg administration held firm enough to authorize local gold production. By the 1590s, Tournai was essentially a fortified outpost in contested Flanders, and the economics of striking gold locally — rather than importing coin from Antwerp or the southern mints — speak to real logistical pressure.

Delmonte's G#434b distinguishes this piece from the more common 434a by a minor variation in the mint mark or legend punctuation.

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