1 giulio Montalcino

Montalcino was the last refuge of the Sienese Republic after the fall of Siena itself to Florentine and Imperial forces in 1555. A rump state under French protection, it survived until 1559 when the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis extinguished it entirely — ending one of the longest-lived Italian city-republics. Coinage struck there in 1556 belongs to that desperate final chapter, produced by a government in exile with dwindling resources and no real territorial base beyond a single hilltop town.

MIR 341 is among the more elusive giulio types from this emission, with the XI series showing notable die variation across the surviving specimens.