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1 Giulio - Leo X
| Issuer | Papal States (Parma Mint) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1513-1521 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of Pope Leo X facing left, depicted in papal vestments including a mozetta with decorative clasp. The effigy shows the pontiff in a naturalistic Renaissance portrait style, with the legend surrounding the bust in the field. A numeral X appears in the lower portion of the coin, serving as part of the papal title inscription. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Leo X — Giovanni de' Medici — was elected pope in March 1513 and almost immediately set about financing an extravagant court and an ambitious rebuilding program at St. Peter's. The indulgence sales he authorized to fund that construction directly provoked Luther's Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. The Parma mint operated under papal authority during his pontificate as part of a broader effort to consolidate coinage across the Papal States, though Parma's output remained modest relative to Rome.
The giulio denomination itself had been introduced under Julius II, Leo's predecessor, and Leo continued striking it across multiple mints. Berman 711 covers the Parma-attributed pieces specifically.