1 Giulio - Julius II St. Peter and Paul

Julius II — Giuliano della Rovere — financed his papacy's military campaigns across central Italy partly through aggressive coinage reform, and the giulio itself takes its name directly from him. Introduced under his predecessor Alexander VI but fully associated with Julius, it became the dominant silver denomination of the early sixteenth-century papal economy. Julius spent more of his pontificate on horseback commanding armies than in Rome, yet his mint output remained prolific throughout.

The Berman 574 attribution places this within a tightly documented series, but Muntoni's spread across references 28–31 reflects genuine die variation across the decade-long reign.