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1 Gani - Ala Al-din Ahmad Shah II

Issuer Bahmani Sultanate
Year 1438-1462
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Composition Copper
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Reverse description Central field bearing a multi-line Persian legend in Arabic script reading 'ala al-dunya wa'l-din ahmad shah bin ahmad shah al-sultan', translating as 'The exalted of the world and the faith, Ahmad Shah, son of Ahmad Shah, the Sultan.' The royal titulature follows the conventional Bahmani formula of dynastic attribution and sovereignty. The inscription occupies the full field in stacked horizontal lines, consistent with the standard reverse layout of Bahmani copper gani coinage.
Reverse script Arabic
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Additional information

Ahmad Shah II ruled the Bahmani Sultanate through a period of sustained conflict with the Vijayanagara Empire to the south, a rivalry that defined much of the sultanate's military and fiscal policy across the mid-fifteenth century. Copper coinage of this reign circulated primarily in local markets across the Deccan, where silver was closely controlled and copper filled the transactional gap for everyday commerce.

Bahmani copper from this period is frequently encountered with significant casting irregularities — the sultanate never fully standardized its copper striking operations the way it did for gold and silver.

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