1 Fun Yi Hyong

The Jeonhwanguk mint was established in 1883 with machinery imported from Japan, marking Joseon's first serious attempt at mechanized coin production after centuries of cast coinage. The 1 Fun brass issues of this period circulated alongside older munjeon cash coins, creating a dual-currency confusion that frustrated merchants and tax collectors alike. Joseon's monetary system was simultaneously being pulled toward Japanese yen-zone integration and Chinese copper-cash conventions — a pressure that would only intensify after 1895.