1 Franc - Chambre de Commerce d'Eure et Loir 28

French Chambers of Commerce were authorized to issue emergency small-denomination notes in 1914 after the outbreak of war triggered an immediate hoarding crisis that drained coin from circulation almost overnight. The Eure-et-Loir chamber, based in Chartres, was among dozens of regional bodies that stepped in to fill the void — printing locally rather than waiting on a central authority that was itself under severe strain.

Trochard was the obvious choice: an established Chartres printer with the equipment to handle watermarked stock. The JP#45-7/8 reference covers two closely related types, distinguished by minor typographic variants that collectors still argue about.