1 Follaro - Roger II Mary

Roger II modeled this follaro on Fatimid copper coinage still circulating in Sicily decades after the Norman conquest — a deliberate acknowledgment that Arabic-speaking Muslims remained the majority population of the island and a functional monetary concession to their commercial habits. His court at Palermo operated in Arabic, Greek, and Latin simultaneously, and the coinage reflected that trilingual administration rather than imposing a purely Latin framework on a conquered people.

Roger died in 1154, placing this issue in the final years of his reign.