1 Filippo - Carlos II

Milan's "Filippo" — named for Philip II of Spain, who standardized the type in the sixteenth century — remained the workhorse trade coin of the Duchy through the long, administratively stagnant reign of Carlos II. Carlos, the last Habsburg king of Spain, ruled under regencies for much of his minority and was never capable of direct governance; Milan's mint operated under the authority of successive Spanish governors throughout this period, which explains the subtle die variations catalogued across the Dav EC II range 4005–4007.

MIR 387/1 covers an eighteen-year production window, and die marriages within this type are numerous.