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1 Farthing - Charles I Rose issue, mule of types 3 and 4
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1638-1639 |
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| Currency | Pound sterling (1158-1970) |
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| Obverse description | Within a beaded inner circle, a royal crown surmounts two crossed sceptres, the central device characteristic of the Rose farthing series issued under Charles I. The first portion of the royal Latin legend runs around the periphery outside the inner circle, separated by stops. The overall design is compact and stylistically typical of the roller-milled copper farthings of the late 1630s, with the legend beginning CAROLVS (or CAROLV) D· G· MAG· BRI. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | At centre, within a beaded inner circle, a crowned Tudor rose is depicted with a single layer of petals, characteristic of the Type 3 and Type 4 Rose farthing designs of Charles I. The royal crown sits prominently above the rose. The continuation of the royal Latin legend encircles the device outside the inner circle, with the legend reading FRAN : ET · HIB · REX (or FRA : ET · HIB · REX), completing the regnal title begun on the obverse. The overall treatment is typical of the small-format roller-milled copper coinage of the late Caroline period. |
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| Additional information |
The Rose farthings were a privately farmed coinage — Charles I licensed their production to a succession of patentees rather than striking them at the Royal Mint, a concession that generated revenue for the crown while keeping small change in circulation. The mule of types 3 and 4 sits at the precise transition point between two patent periods, its mixed dies a mechanical accident of the changeover rather than any deliberate issue. Such mules are rare precisely because the window in which both die sets were simultaneously in use was narrow.