1 Falus Qandahar

Issuer	Mint of Qandahar (Afghan Cities)
Year	1648
Type	Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description	A lion passant to the left occupies the central field, with a radiant sun rising above its back, the solar rays rendered as bold linear striations emanating from a rounded disc. The lion is depicted in a stylized, folk-art manner characteristic of provincial Afghan hammered coinage of the mid-17th century. A dotted inner border frames the central device, with an outer border of decorative pellets and scroll elements partially visible on the irregular flan. The flan itself is notably irregular and thick, consistent with the production method described in the literature whereby copper sheets were folded and struck.
Obverse script	Arabic
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Reverse description	The reverse bears an Arabic inscription in Naskh script arranged within the field, recording the mint name Qandahar and the AH date 1058 (AD 1648). The legend is distributed across the flan in a manner typical of provincial hammered fulus coinage, with individual words occupying separate registers. The strike is characteristically uneven, leaving portions of the legend weak or partially off-flan, a feature common to this issue as noted by Album. The field surface shows typical granular texture resulting from the folded-flan production technique, with areas of cuprite patination visible.
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