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1 Falus - Madan Simha Deva Kingdom of Champaran
| Issuer | Kingdom of Champaran (Madan Simha Deva) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1450-1460 |
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| Composition | Copper |
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| Obverse description | Irregular hammered copper flan with an entirely epigraphic design comprising a three-line Devanagari legend disposed across the open field. The inscription reads 'Govinda charana pranava Madana', a devotional formula expressing allegiance to Govinda and incorporating the name of the issuing ruler Madan Simha Deva. The lettering is executed in an archaic Devanagari hand characteristic of regional North Indian provincial coinages of the mid-fifteenth century, with bold but somewhat uneven strokes. No pictorial devices, symbols, or border elements are present. The flan surface carries a granular brown and green patina consistent with prolonged circulation and burial. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Irregular hammered copper flan bearing an entirely epigraphic reverse design, with a two-line Devanagari legend filling the field. The inscription reads 'Sri Champakarana', identifying the issuing polity as the Kingdom of Champaran with the honorific prefix 'Sri'. The letterforms are bold but somewhat crudely rendered, consistent with provincial hammered copper coinage of the eastern Terai region during the mid-fifteenth century. No pictorial devices, border, or additional symbols are present. The surface exhibits a deep olive-brown patina with traces of green cuprite typical of buried copper issues from this period. |
| Reverse script | Devanagari |
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