1 Falus - Anonymous Ardabil

Ardabil held particular significance for the Safavids — it was the ancestral home of the Safaviyya Sufi order from which the dynasty drew its founding legitimacy, and the shrine of Sheikh Safi al-Din there remained a pilgrimage site and dynastic symbol throughout their rule. Anonymous copper fulus of this period circulated as purely local fiduciary currency, their value set by municipal convention rather than metal content, which is why attributing them to specific reigns is often impossible without contextual die studies. The Album 3218 designation covers a broad typological group rather than a single emission.