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1 Fals - Muhammad al-'Adil al-Zaffir

Issuer Sultanate of Mogadishu
Year 1401-1500
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Reference(s) A#1176G
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Reverse description Arabic legend disposed in multiple lines across the reverse field, reading 'al-zafir bi-ta'yid al-rahman', meaning 'the Victorious, aided by the Merciful', a pious epithet of the ruler. The inscription is struck in a similarly rough, informal style consistent with the obverse, characteristic of the small hammered copper coinage of the Mogadishu Sultanate. The flan is irregular and slightly concave, with weak areas of strike visible toward the periphery.
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Mintage ND (1401-1500)
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The Sultanate of Mogadishu operated as a prosperous Indian Ocean entrepôt through the fifteenth century, controlling trade routes that connected the East African coast to Arabia, Persia, and the Gujarat ports. Its coinage is among the least documented of any medieval Islamic sultanate — surviving specimens are genuinely rare, and the attribution sequence for rulers of this dynasty remains contested among specialists. Muhammad al-'Adil al-Zaffir is known almost exclusively through his coins; no chronicle names him with confidence.

At 0.42 g, this fals sits at the extreme low end of the denomination's weight range across the broader Islamic world.

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