1 Fals - Anonymous Iran mint

Anonymous copper fals of this type circulated widely in early Islamic Iran during a period when the Umayyad and early Abbasid administrations permitted local civic authorities to strike low-denomination copper independently of the central silver dirham coinage. The absence of a caliph's name was not an oversight — it reflects deliberate municipal issuing practice, with the city itself functioning as the nominal authority.

Album 3269 covers a broad grouping; precise attribution within it often hinges on mint city identification from the Arabic text, which on heavily circulated examples is frequently the first detail to become illegible.