1 Fals - Anonymous Baghdad mint

Anonymous copper fals from Baghdad circulated as the lowest denomination of everyday exchange in Abbasid urban life, filling the gap left by the silver dirham economy that dominated larger transactions. The attribution to a specific city mint rather than a caliphal authority reflects the highly localized nature of small-change production during the fragmented later Abbasid period, when provincial administrators and city authorities issued fiduciary copper largely on their own initiative.